Hello Everyone,
Today we are going to discuss the Penicillins. There are several different types of penicillins, however, they have all the same basic mechanism of action (MOA).
Natural Penicillins
• Penicillin G
• Penicllin G procaine
• Penicillin G benzathine
• Penicillin VK
Penicillinase-resistant Penicillins
• Nafcillin
• Dicloxacillin
Aminopenicillins
• Amoxicillin
• Ampicillin
Carboxypenicillins
• Ticarcillin
Ureidopenicillins
• Piperacillin
Penicillin B-Lactamase inhibitors
• Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid
• Ampicillin-sulbactam
• Ticarcillin-clavulanic acid
• Piperacillin- tazobactam v
Mechanism Of Action (bactericidal/bacteriostatic) - Penicillins act by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. They inhibit enzymes that create a cross-linkage between the bacterial peptide chains and prevent the formation of the bacterial cell wall. These enzymes are the penicillin-binding proteins.
Spectrum (Gm+, Gm-, anaerobes) Gram +: streptococci, Enterococcus, but NOT
S. aureus. Gram - : only a few (E. coli, Proteus spp, a few others)…lots of resistance
No below-the-diaphragm anaerobic activity
I f you would like some more in-depth inormation on penicillins or antibiotics in general you can check out:
http://www.surgicalcriticalcare.net/Lectures/antibiotics.pdf
http://students.washington.edu/rhochi/antibiotics.pdf
Next post will cover the the cephalosporins.
Stay well.....
Dr. Paul
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